How To Bypass iCloud Activation Lock on Mac For iPhone 12 Pro Max?
How To Bypass iCloud Activation Lock on Mac For Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max?
How to do Mac activation lock bypass?
iCloud Activation Lock stands as a reliable security measure in the Apple ecosystem. It protects your Apple devices from unauthorized access and theft. Yet, navigating this security feature can be overwhelming for users locked out of their devices. It can happen due to forgotten passwords or second-hand purchases.
Mac users often seek effective methods to bypass this security measure. They aim to reclaim access to their devices without compromising safety. This article serves as a comprehensive guide, exploring the details of bypassing the iCloud Activation Lock on Mac. It will go through various methods, strategies, and best practices to unlock your Mac.
Part 1. What is Mac Activation Lock?
Mac Activation Lock, a key part of Apple’s security, safeguards your MacBook by linking it to your Apple ID. Similar to iOS devices, it makes it tough for others to access your device without permission. Once activated, it requires your Apple ID and password for various functions. These include the likes of disabling Find My Mac, erasing the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device, or using it after a factory reset.
This feature works hand-in-hand with the ‘Find My’ app. It ensures your data’s safety even if your MacBook is lost or stolen. Only the rightful owner can disable Activation Lock Mac via their Apple ID. Yet, dealing with this security measure might be challenging for genuine users. This is especially true if they face issues like forgotten passwords or when buying a used device.
Navigating through the iCloud Activation Lock on a MacBook can be daunting. This is especially true when faced with legitimate scenarios like forgotten passwords. It can also happen in the case of purchasing pre-owned locked devices. Yet, several methods and techniques exist to bypass this security feature. Below, we’ll go through various methods for how to bypass iCloud Activation Lock on Mac:
Fix 1. Retrieve Your Password
Forgetting the Apple ID password can often lead to being locked out of your own device due to the iCloud Activation Lock. Fortunately, Apple provides a streamlined process to reset and retrieve forgotten passwords. This allows users to regain entry to their devices. Apple offers a mechanism to reset forgotten passwords via the Apple ID account recovery process.
Visit the Apple ID account page through a web browser on any device. Choose the option that says, “Forgot password?” and continue by following the instructions shown on the screen. You might need to answer security questions, use two-factor authentication, or receive account recovery instructions. It can happen via email or SMS to reset the password.
Fix 2. Remove Mac Activation Lock from Another Device
When faced with a Mac locked by iCloud Activation Lock, another effective method exists. You can bypass this security measure using another trusted device. That device must be linked to the same Apple ID as the Mac. Employing this method allows you to remove the Activation Lock from the locked Mac through the “Find My” feature. Follow these steps to bypass the Mac Activation Lock:
Step 1. Utilize a different Apple device, like an iPhone, iPad, or another Mac, that is currently signed in with the identical Apple ID. From there, navigate to the iCloud website and sign in using your Apple account credentials.
Step 2. On the iCloud website, tap the grid icon from the top right corner and select “Find My.” Here, enter your password and click on “All Devices.” Choose the locked Mac from the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device and go on to tap “Remove This Device.” Now, follow the on-screen prompts to complete the process.
Fix 3. Ask The Previous Owner for Help
Have you acquired a second-hand Mac that is locked with iCloud Activation Lock? If faced with this scenario, seeking assistance from the previous owner can prove to be a valuable solution. Describe your situation to the previous owner and kindly ask them to log in to their iCloud account for support. Otherwise, they can use the iCloud website to disassociate the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device from their account.
They can do this by removing the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device from their iCloud account or disabling Find My Mac. Seeking help from the previous owner to remove the Activation Lock Mac is often the most straightforward method.
Part 3. FAQs About Activation Lock on Mac
- Is Bypassing Activation Lock Legal?
Bypassing Activation Lock mechanisms frequently fall into a legal gray area. The intention can be to regain access to a locked device legitimately owned by the user. Yet, circumventing security features may violate terms of service. It’s important to know that attempting to bypass the Activation Lock might void warranties.
- How Does Activation Lock Work on Mac?
Activation Lock on Mac is part of Apple’s security framework designed to deter unauthorized access and protect user data. When enabled, Activation Lock ties the Mac to the owner’s Apple ID. It requires the correct credentials to disable Find My Mac, erase the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device, or reactivate it after a factory reset. This feature effectively prevents unauthorized users from accessing or using a locked Mac.
- What Are the Risks of Bypassing Activation Lock?
Bypassing Activation Lock might carry the following risks and implications:
- It can expose the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device and personal data to potential security threats.
- Unauthorized modifications or bypassing of security measures could void the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device’s warranty.
- Improper bypass attempts might lead to device malfunction.
Extra Tip. How to Remove Activation Lock on iPhone/iPad/iPod Touch?
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS)
Bypass iCloud Activation Lock on iPhone Without Hassle.
- Simple, click-through, process.
- Bypass iCloud activation lock and Apple ID without password.
- No tech knowledge is required, everybody can handle it.
- Compatible with iPhone 5S to iPhone X, iPad 3 to iPad 7, and iPod touch 6 to iPod touch 7 running iOS 12.0 to iOS 16.6!
4,395,219 people have downloaded it
The problem of iCloud Activation Lock is not limited to Mac computers. Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads commonly encounter this situation. If you’re locked out of your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max and can’t recall your Apple ID credentials, there’s no cause for concern. Wondershare Dr.Fone provides a robust solution to the iCloud Activation Lock issue. You can follow these steps to bypass the iCloud Mac Activation Lock:
Step 1. Commence Unlocking iCloud Activation Lock Using Wondershare Dr.Fone
Install the most recent edition of Wondershare Dr.Fone on your computer and open the application. Proceed to the Toolbox section, then select “Screen Unlock.” Follow it by selecting “iOS” to define the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device type. Next, opt for “iCloud Activation Lock Removal” for the intended purpose. Once directed to a new window, click on “Start” to commence the process.
Step 2. Unlocking iOS Devices: GSM and CDMA Activation Differences
Follow the prompt to connect your iOS device with a USB cable. Identify if your device is GSM or CDMA. After bypassing iCloud Activation Lock on a GSM device, it will work normally. However, for a CDMA device, calling and other cellular functions won’t be available. As you continue unlocking the CDMA device, you’ll receive step-by-step instructions. Choose the agreement option and click ‘Got It!’ to move forward.
Step 3. Enabling DFU Mode on iOS Devices (Versions 15.0 to 16.3)
Afterward, if your Apple device hasn’t undergone jailbreaking, the system will prompt the user to proceed with the process. Guidelines for jailbreaking are available in both written and video formats. For iOS/iPadOS versions 16.4 to 16.6, Dr.Fone is designed to perform the jailbreaking process automatically on your device.
Put iOS devices running versions 15.0 to 16.3 into DFU Mode following the on-screen instructions. After initiating DFU Mode for the first time, the program will command the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device to restart. Click the right arrow to proceed. Repeat the process to enter DFU Mode for the second time. Upon completion, the program will activate and unlock the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device. Once finished, select the “Got It!” button to complete the process.
Step 4. Complete the Activation Lock Removal Process
After confirming your jailbroken iOS device, the process initiates automatically to remove the Activation Lock. Upon completion, a message confirming the finished process will be displayed on the screen. While the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device is in DFU Mode, the computer screen will show the progress of removing the iCloud Mac Activation Lock. Keep an eye on the progress bar until it reaches completion. Click the ‘Done’ button to finish unlocking the Activation Lock.
Conclusion
Navigating iCloud Activation Lock on Mac demands a balance between accessibility and security. The article explored fixes such as password retrieval, remote disassociation, and collaboration with the previous owner. Following them, users can unlock their devices securely. However, if you need to bypass iCloud Activation Lock on an iOS device , Dr.Fone comes to the rescue.
Full guide to Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud Bypass
Have you ever met troubles with iCloud in your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max? Do you want to bypass the activation lock of your iCloud? This guide can help you do so.
The Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud Activation lock stays one of the iPhone’s most flexible security features. However, it stays susceptible to new unlocking ways. Whether or not you need to hack, the reality stays that you can Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud bypass.
However, many individuals have different reasons for why they might need Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud unlock service. Sometimes if you fail to remember your passcode, you may need to bypass it. Also, if you purchase a locked phone from a seller, you may need the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max free iCloud unlock service.
Part 1: Is iCloud Bypass Possible on Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max?
Do you think it’s hard to bypass the iCloud activation lock? If so, you don’t need to worry because we have fixed your problem. If you have an iCloud-locked iPhone, you will likely want to unlock the iCloud-locked phone. Also, if you have purchased a used iPhone and it is iCloud locked, you might be concerned if you can unlock it. There are numerous conversations about this subject. However, it is possible to bypass the iCloud lock.
Apple has included the Find My iPhone feature to get your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max and its data. When you utilize this tool, you can use your device without entering your iCloud account.
There have been a few services to help you bypass the lock. In 2024, the most effective Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud unlock service is here. Wondershare Dr.Fone - iCloud Activation Unlocker is an expert bypassing tool for iOS users. It can unlock iCloud locked iPhone on your Windows or Mac PC without difficulty.
Part 2: 3 Ways to Bypass iCloud on Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max
1. Free Unlock the iCloud
Instead of utilizing third-party software, you can use a DNS server to bypass the iCloud Activation Lock. Next are the steps on the method for Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud bypass using the DNS server.
1: Open the WiFi tab from your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max’s “Settings” application.
2: Tap on the data symbol that seems to be a small I to open the DNS server.
3: Depending on your area, enter the accompanying DNS values:
Clients from USA and Europe can use 104.154.51.7 and 104.155.28.90.
On the other hand, Asian users or the remainder of the world can use 104.155.220.58 and 78.109.17.60 separately.
4: Tap on the back symbol (←) and complete the activity by tapping on the “Done” choice.
5: Under the “Activate iPhone” choice, click “Activation Help.” You will connect with the server successfully.
That’s almost it. You can now access iCloud locked features, for example, apps, mail, chats, and other accounts.
2. iCloud Bypass Tools
iOS devices have an iCloud security feature making them more secure devices worldwide. This way, you can’t get to it without an Apple ID and a passcode. Anyway, some software appears to eliminate or bypass the iCloud Activation lock.
iCloud lock removal software can assist you with unlocking the activation screen. It synchronizes your iTunes account over WiFi and lets you access all the files on your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max. It assists you with unlocking your Apple ID and removing the passcode.
Numerous iCloud Bypass software is accessible on the lookout. Therefore, choosing one that addresses your issue could be tough. Following is a list of the top iCloud Bypass software. The list comprises all the software we think could help you solve the issue. Here are all the tools that we think can be useful for you:
- iRemove Tools
- Tenorshare 4MeKey
- Wootechy iSalvor
- Doulci
- CheckM8
- Open my iCloud
3. Wondershare Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Fast and Hassle Free iPhone 5s - X)
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS)
Remove the iCloud Activation Lock Without Hassle.
- Simple, click-through, process.
- Purchased a second-hand iPhone or iPad locked to owner.
- Device got lost or stolen and need to disable iCloud activation lock.
- Supports iPhone 5S, iPhone 6 / 6 Plus, iPhone 6S / 6S Plus, iPhone SE (1st), iPhone 7 / 7 Plus, iPhone 8 / 8 Plus, iPhone X!
4,395,217 people have downloaded it
If you don’t have the iCloud account or some other detail, then, at that point, you need to pick Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS). The tool can bypass the iCloud activation lock without entering the Apple ID, passcode, or other details. The software is upheld for phones running on iOS 9 and above versions. Dr.Fone provides a hassle-free experience. It can provide iPhone iCloud unlock service with just a few steps. Here is how you can use it to recover your iCloud:
Step 1: Launch the application
Use a USB lightning cable for connecting your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max and PC. Open the Dr.Fone tool, and go to the “Screen Unlock” section from its home.
Pick the feature you need to unlock and proceed. Select “iCloud Activation Lock Removal” and connect your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max with computer.
Step 2: Activation Lock Starts to Get Removed
After click ‘Start’, the process will automatically start to remove Activation Lock
Step 3: Activation Lock Successfully Removed
As the application would dispose of the iCloud activation lock, you can wait until it finishes. That is all there is to it! Eventually, your device will unlock.
safe & secure
Part 3: FAQs
Is iCloud bypass safe for Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max?
It links the phone to their Apple IDs and keeps any other individual from getting to the phone without entering the password. While this is useful, it can likewise create some issues. If you recover your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max passcode but fail to remember your Apple ID, you’re in a bad situation.
Can hackers bypass iCloud lock?
To do so, they phish the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max user or trick employees at Apple Stores, which can nullify iCloud locks. Cheats, coders, and programmers participate in an underground industry that eliminates an iCloud account from an Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max to re-sell them.
Conclusion
Bypassing the Activation Lock can be hard, specifically if you don’t know the basic steps to bypass the lock. Nonetheless, as we have found in this article, we have various techniques to bypass the iCloud lock. However, the best and most reliable among them is Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) . It helps recover your iCloud and remove the screen lock without the risk of data loss. Apple users can now use it for the most recent iOS versions to carry out Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud bypass.
The Ultimate Guide to Unlocking Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max from iCloud
Activation Lock is considered one of the most protective layers of any Apple device that keeps it off the hands of any user who would misuse your data. While ensuring the protection of all the data of your device, it offers a unique set of security-enhanced environment that helps you manage all your data over a single identification protocol. This identification protocol interconnects all the Apple devices with each other. Such an example can be taken from the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max that interconnects its structure with your Apple devices that are operating under a similar Apple ID. Under such circumstances where you accidentally lock your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud, several techniques can be adapted to cover the issue efficiently. To regain your access to the iCloud of your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max along with the data it holds, this article provides you with a set of instructions that can be implemented to unlock the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max with ease.
Part 1. About iCloud activation lock on Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max
Apple presented a unique security system with a single identification tool to operate with. The Activation Lock is considered as the core of the complete system under which the associated devices function. Major Apple connections, including iCloud, iTunes, and other identification-oriented features, require the basic Activation Lock. Furthermore, this system is not restricted to smartphones and tablets but leads onto other Apple Devices such as the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max.
The Find My service presented by Apple is taken further with the Activation Lock. This not only protects the data and the attached applications but prevents the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max devices from being wiped out and re-sold to the black market. Hence, if any user intends to change the settings of the Apple device without having it disconnected from the previous Apple ID, it is far more than impossible to be executed successfully. Activation Lock ensures that all the data present on your device is typically protected and kept safe from nefarious hands. Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max operates over the similar Apple ID that you have used across other devices, making its recovery and removal quite similar to the conventional methods that are adopted by people throughout the market.
Part 2. How to determine if your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max is iCloud locked?
If you’re unable to access certain features or settings, or if you’re asked for an Apple ID and password that you don’t recognize, your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max may be iCloud locked. In such cases, please follow the below methods for assistance.
Part 2. How to unlock an Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max that is iCloud locked?
Under such circumstances where you get an Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max that is typically locked and requires a primary identification to function, it is important to understand the dynamics of having an Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max unlocked. Several scenarios are involved while understanding the procedure of unlocking an Apple device.
1. Using Apple’s iCloud Website
In such cases where you have bought a used Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max from another owner, there are high chances that the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device would still be connected to the previous Apple ID. This simply should be covered through contacting the previous owner and obtaining their iCloud’s Account and Password for activation. No other method would guide you in bypassing the iCloud credentials.
You can manage your iCloud settings directly from Apple’s iCloud website. To unlock the iCloud on your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max, follow these steps:
- Go to iCloud.com and sign in with your Apple ID and password.
- Click on ‘Find iPhone’.
- Click on ‘All Devices’ at the top of the map interface, and select your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max.
- If there’s an option to ‘Remove from Account,’ click on it. If not, proceed to the next step.
2. Contact Apple Customer Support
Following another case where you own the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max and have an original receipt of the purchase, the issue can be solved by contacting Apple Support or going to your nearest Apple Store to get the work done. Apple’s customer support can help determine the lock status and guide you through specific steps for unlocking. Here’s how to reach them:
- Visit the Apple Support website.
- Click on ‘Contact Apple Support’.
- Select ‘Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max,’ then pick ‘Apple ID & iCloud’.
- Choose how you’d like to receive help—via a phone call, chat, or email. Follow their instructions accordingly.
3. Resetting the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max
To remove the iCloud lock, reset your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max. Please note that this will erase all data on your watch. Here’s how:
- On your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max, go to ‘Settings’.
- Tap ‘General,’ then ‘Reset
- Tap ‘Erase All Content and Settings’. Enter your passcode if prompted.
- For GPS + Cellular models, choose to keep or remove your cellular plan.
- Tap ‘Erase All’ to confirm.
4. Ensuring the Watch is Not Marked as Lost
If your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max is marked as lost, it might interfere with the unlock process. Check this in ‘Find My iPhone’:
- Go back to the iCloud website, and click on ‘Find iPhone’.
- Click on ‘All Devices’ and select your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max.
- If ‘Mark as Lost’ is enabled, click to disable it.
Part 3. How to unlock Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud if you’re the owner?
The Find My service proclaimed by Apple is a very special service that keeps extra protection from illegal or unnecessary use of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device if they are lost or stolen. Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud can be bypassed only through the original credentials of the account. To keep your device secure, you may consider using the Find My service and Activation Lock that can only be catered through watchOS 2 or later, which gets automatically synchronized and activated over pairing an iPhone that has an activated security service. The Activation Lock is quite important in several cases, where it requires the owner to unlock several Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max features, which includes:
- Unpairing, the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max from the Apple device, was previously connected.
- Pairing the watch with a new Apple device.
- Turning off the Find My services on the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device.
The presence of Activation Lock ensures a chance that you can recover the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device over losing it. The only thing that holds this pillar is the Activation Lock and the associated Apple ID and Password that allows you to surpass the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max iCloud with ease. You should also keep this mind that in cases where the user intends to sell the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max or give it away for service, it is necessary to turn off the Activation Lock by following a set of various steps, which are described as follows.
- Step 1: You need to keep your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max and the connected device close together and access the Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max App on the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device.
- Step 2: Tap on the “My Watch” tab and access your name on the screen that opens next. Tap on the “Info” button to open up a series of different options.
- Step 3: Select “Unpair Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max,” followed by the option of “Remove [Carrier] Plan” for cellular models of Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max. Provide your Apple ID password for the confirmation of the process and execute it successfully.
In such cases where you are unable to access your Apple Device or Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max through the above mechanism, you need to cover it by turning off the Activation Lock as declared below:
- Step 1: Open iCloud.com on your desktop and log in with your Apple ID.
- Step 2: Access “Find My iPhone” and tap on “All Devices” to open up the list of connected devices with the Apple ID.
- Step 3: Tap on “Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max” and erase it by following the on-screen instructions.
- Step 4: Select the “Remove” button to erase the Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max device from the Activation Lock permanently.
Part 4. How to to Unlock Your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max/iPad from iCloud without the Previous Owner?
Even if you have already removed iCloud from your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max, there may still be situations where bypassing the iCloud Activation Lock on your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max or iPad becomes necessary. If you are unable to retrieve your Apple ID or password, consider using a comprehensive iOS solution like Dr. Fone – Screen Unlock (iOS) . This powerful tool not only not only unlocks Apple IDs and screen locks but also bypasses iCloud activation locks, MDM, and screen time, while efficiently removing SIM locks. With its “Bypass iCloud Activation Lock” feature, you can effortlessly bypass iCloud locks on either your Windows or Mac computer. The process is straightforward, requiring just a few simple clicks to unlock your device. Several reasons make Dr.Fone a first-rate choice for unlocking Apple iCloud, which are:
- It is a very simple and easy-to-use platform with no requirements for technical skills.
- Unlocks all kinds of Apple devices whose passwords are forgotten.
- Protects the Apple device from the disabled state.
- It does not require any typical iTunes to unlock.
- Compatible across all models of iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch.
- Works across the latest iOS.
The following demonstration explains the operation of Dr. Fone that would guide you in bypassing the activation lock with ease.
- Step 1: Connect Apple Device and Launch
Initially, you are advised to connect your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max with the computer and launch the respective platform on the desktop. On the Dr.Fone main screen, select the “Screen Unlock” module.
- Step 2: Select Appropriate Option
Connect your Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max, iPad, or iPod Touch to your computer using a USB cable. Ensure that Dr.Fone recognizes your device and click “iCloud Activation Lock Removal”.
- Step 3: Start Removing iCloud Activation Lock
Click on “Start” to initiate the iCloud activatinlock removal process.
- Step 4: Complete Removing Apple ID
As the platform concludes the process, it provides a prompt on the desktop screen showing the successful execution of the procedure.
Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding iCloud activation lock on Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max is crucial. Determining if your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max is iCloud locked and learning how to unlock it are essential steps. Whether you’re the owner or not, unlocking your Apple Watch Or Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max or iPhone/iPad from iCloud is possible. Make sure to follow the necessary steps and guidelines provided in the respective parts discussed above.
- Title: How To Bypass iCloud Activation Lock on Mac For iPhone 12 Pro Max?
- Author: Lydia
- Created at : 2024-07-14 21:57:06
- Updated at : 2024-07-15 21:57:06
- Link: https://activate-lock.techidaily.com/how-to-bypass-icloud-activation-lock-on-mac-for-iphone-12-pro-max-by-drfone-ios/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.