How To Bypass iCloud By Checkra1n Even From Apple iPhone 11 If Youve Tried Everything
How To Bypass iCloud By Checkra1n Even On Apple iPhone 11 If You’ve Tried Everything
Since iOS 12.3, Apple has been using its new Activation Lock feature to deter theft. This security measure requires users to enter their iCloud login information to use an iPhone or iPad previously locked by someone else.
While this is a welcomed addition for those looking to protect their device, it can also be a major inconvenience for those who have lost or forgotten their iCloud password. Checkra1n is a new tool that allows users to bypass iCloud activation without entering any login information. You will learn in this post how to use Checkra1n iCloud bypass to unlock your Apple iPhone 11 or iPad.
Let’s get started!
Part 1: What is Checkra1n?
Checkra1n is a jailbreak tool that allows you to jailbreak your Apple iPhone 11 or iPad running iOS 12.3 and up. As part of the jailbreak tool team, it is one of the most popular jailbreak tools. Checkra1n is a semi-tethered jailbreak tool, meaning you will need to re-jailbreak your device each time you reboot it. It is, however, a very reliable jailbreak tool that is easy to use.
Checkra1n is the only jailbreak that allows for the BFU (Before First Unlock) acquisition of locked devices with an unknown passcode. It means that if you have a locked iPhone that you don’t know the passcode for, you can still use checkra1n to jailbreak it and access the data.
Additionally, checkra1n does not require you to sign the jailbreak IPA file (using AltStore or the Developer Account at Apple), which makes it much easier to use. Overall, checkra1n is a powerful tool that you can use to access data on locked iPhones, even if you don’t know the passcode.
Pros
- The tool doesn’t require tech skills
- It supports iPhones, iPads, and many other devices
- Supports a wide range of hardware platforms
- It is not possible to exploit remotely
Cons
- Jailbreaking older devices is limited
- A reboot won’t save them
Part 2: How to Bypass iCloud Activation Lock with Checkra1n?
You may consider using Checkra1n if you are looking for a method to bypass the iCloud activation lock. You can remove the iCloud activation lock from your Apple iPhone 11 or iPad using this method.
1. How to Jailbreak an iOS Device with Checkra1n?
Step 1: Enter the BIOS settings after the computer has rebooted.
Step 2: Go to Boot Menu and select the jailbreak USB drive you just created.
Step 3: Plug your iOS device into the PC and click [Start].
Step 4: The software may inform you that your iOS version is not tested. Follow the steps below to enable the Start key on the iOS device at risk if you are ready to jailbreak.
Follow these steps to enable the [Start] key:
- Select [Options].
- Ensure that Untested iOS, iPadOS, and TVOS versions are checked.
- To return to the homepage, click [Back].
- To begin the jailbreaking process, click [Start].
Step 5: You will be shown how to enter DFU mode on the Apple iPhone 11 device. Follow the instructions step by step.
Step 6: You have successfully jailbroken your device.
Since Cocosenor bypass Tuner now uses checkra1n 0.12.2 to help jailbreak, it won’t be able to jailbreak iOS 14.5.
2. How to Bypass iCloud Activation Lock with Checkra1n?
The next step is to figure out how to bypass iCloud with Checkra1n iCloud Bypass. We will show you how to use the method on a Mac. The Checkra1n installation process has a few technical aspects, but if you follow the steps, you shouldn’t have any problem.
Step 1. Download Checkra1n from the official website.
Step 2. Using the Terminal app, install brew and usbmuxd by entering the following commands:
- /usr/bin/ruby -e “$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install… )”
- brew install usbmuxd
Step 3. Launch Checkra1n once those have been installed.
Step 4. Follow the instructions to jailbreak your Apple iPhone 11 by connecting it to your computer.
Step 5. The following command will create a tunnel from Port 2222 to Port 44 (or 22 if this fails) using USBmuxd’s built-in iProxy tool:
- iproxy 2222 44
Step 6. Enter the following command in a new Terminal window by pressing Command + T:
- ssh root@localhost -p 2222
Step 7. To move the setup file and patch the system, enter the following commands:
- mount -o rw,union,update /
- mv /Applications/Setup.app /Applications/Setup.bak
- rm -rf /Applications/Setup.app
Step 8. Lastly, enter these two commands to clear any springboard processes and clear the setup file’s cache:
- uicache -all
- Killall backboardd
Checkra1n will bypass the iCloud Activation Lock after you enter the last command.
Using the Terminal app and entering many unfamiliar commands may be intimidating for some people, but if you copy exactly what we’ve shown you, you’ll be fine.
Part 3: Easy Tool for iCloud Activation Lock
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock
It is possible to bypass the iCloud activation lock with a tool called Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock. This powerful tool can bypass the iCloud activation lock on any iOS device, regardless of the version of iOS.
Here’s how to use Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock to bypass the iCloud activation lock:
Step 1. Choose Screen Unlock from Dr.Fone after installing the program.
Step 2. Click on “Bypass Activate Lock.”
Step 3. Please select the “Start” button for the next steps.
Step 4. Please confirm which device you have.
(For GSM devices, you can enjoy all functions)
(For CDMA devices, some functions will be limited, so you cannot use them anymore.)
Step 5. Do you jailbreak your device? If not, you can do our jailbreak guide for this step.
Step 6. Please wait for a minute, and the process will be over.
Step 7. Congrats, the iCloud activation lock is bypassed completely.
You can now access and use your Mac without any activation lock. In addition to bypassing the iCloud lock, your new Apple ID is compatible with your cellular network or iCloud.
Conclusion
Many requirements exist to remove the iCloud Activation Lock without a password. With WonderShare-Screen Unlock, you can remove your Apple ID and password associated with the iCloud Activation Lock. With this easy-to-use tool, you can remove the lock screen from your phone without losing any data. Any other suggestions you have to fix this issue would be greatly appreciated!
How To Fix Apple iPhone 11 Could Not Be Activated/Reached Issue
Are you struggling with your Apple iPhone 11’s activation? The Apple iPhone 11 activation process is crucial for seamless functionality, but encountering issues like ‘iPhone could not be activated’ can be frustrating. In this guide, you’ll learn how to simplify the process of iPhone activation, shedding light on common problems that users face.
From understanding error messages to the significance of swift resolutions, this article has got you covered. Let’s navigate through these activation errors to ensure your Apple iPhone 11 is activated smoothly. Because when it comes to your device, prompt problem-solving is the key to a hassle-free experience.
Part I. Explanation To Common Apple iPhone 11 Activation Errors
Are you greeted with puzzling messages like “iPhone could not be activated” when setting up your device? Let’s demystify these common errors and get your Apple iPhone 11 up and running smoothly.
A. Common Apple iPhone 11 Error Messages
Check out below the most common error messages iPhone users might encounter:
- “iPhone could not be activated”
This message often pops up during a hiccup in the activation process. It could be due to various reasons, but fear not – solutions are within reach.
- “Activation server cannot be reached”
Imagine your Apple iPhone 11 trying to connect to the activation server but facing hurdles. This error signifies a connection issue, hindering the activation process.
- “Activation lock server cannot be reached”
This error may sound complex, but it often boils down to a connectivity glitch with the activation lock server. Discover straightforward steps to address this and unlock the activation process.
B. Causes Behind These Errors
Now learn about the causes behind these reasons by reading below:
- Activation Information Issues
Sometimes, the activation information your Apple iPhone 11 receives may be incorrect or incomplete. This could be due to a typo in your Apple ID or an issue with iCloud credentials. We’ll guide you through double-checking and correcting these details.
- Server-Related Problems
Your iPhone communicates with servers during activation. If there’s a hiccup in this interaction – for instance, the activation server or activation lock server cannot be reached – it can result in errors. We’ll explore troubleshooting steps to ensure seamless server connectivity.
Understanding these common errors and their causes is the first step to resolving them. In the next sections, you’ll delve deeper into troubleshooting methods and practical solutions to activate your Apple iPhone 11 without a hitch. Stay tuned for a hassle-free iPhone experience!
Part II. How To Fix iPhone Activation Errors
So, you’ve encountered the frustrating activation information showing the “iPhone could not be activated” message. No worries! Let’s dive into practical solutions that will have your Apple iPhone 11 activated in no time. Follow these easy troubleshooting methods, and say goodbye to activation problems.
Checking Network Connectivity
First things first – ensure your Apple iPhone 11 is well-connected to the internet. Activate Wi-Fi or cellular data and try the activation process again. A stable connection is the cornerstone of a successful activation.
Verifying Apple ID and iCloud Credentials
Activation errors might stem from a small typo or a forgotten detail. Double-check your Apple ID and iCloud credentials. Confirm that you’re using the correct email and password. Accurate information is key to a smooth activation.
Ensuring Server Availability
Activation involves communication with servers. If the activation server or activation lock server cannot be reached, your Apple iPhone 11 may face hurdles. Confirm that Apple’s servers are up and running smoothly. You can do this by checking Apple’s system status page online.
Following these straightforward steps addresses common activation glitches. But what if the issue persists? In the next section, you will be introduced to an effective tool that goes beyond traditional troubleshooting methods. Stay tuned to discover a hassle-free way to unlock your Apple iPhone 11’s full potential!
Part III. Still Facing Errors? Your Lifesaver: Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS)
Despite your best efforts, some iPhone activation issues persist, leaving you stuck in frustration. When traditional troubleshooting falls short, it’s time to introduce a reliable ally: Wondershare Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS). This tool emerges as a lifesaver, offering a seamless solution to activation challenges.
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) is not just a tool; it’s a lifeline for those struggling with persistent activation errors. Tested and trusted, it goes beyond conventional methods, ensuring you regain access to your device effortlessly.
Key Features and Benefits
These key features and benefits below collectively contribute to making Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) a comprehensive tool for addressing various iPhone-related challenges.
- Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) is compatible with a large number of iPhone models, ensuring that users with different devices can benefit from its features.
- The tool prioritizes the security and privacy of user data. It employs advanced encryption protocols to safeguard sensitive information during the unlocking process.
- Beyond activation issues, Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) can handle various other scenarios, such as unlocking a forgotten passcode, bypassing the Apple ID, and recovering data from disabled devices.
- **No Data Loss.**One of the standout features is its ability to unlock the Apple iPhone 11 device without causing any data loss. Users can regain access to their iPhones without compromising their valuable information.
- **Time Efficiency.**Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) offers a quick and efficient solution. Users can save time compared to troubleshooting methods that may take longer without guaranteed results. Dr.Fone efficiently activates your Apple iPhone 11, putting the control back in your hands.
- **Risk Mitigation.**The tool minimizes the risk associated with attempting various troubleshooting methods. It provides a straightforward and less risky alternative to ensure successful iPhone activation.
- **Intuitive Interface.**Fone boasts an intuitive and user-friendly interface, making it accessible to individuals with varying levels of technical expertise. Users can navigate through the unlocking process seamlessly.
- **Reliable Results.**Count on Dr. Fone’s proven track record. It’s a reliable choice when traditional troubleshooting methods fall short.
Step-by-Step Guide
Learn how to use Dr.Fone – Screen Unlock (iOS) as an alternative tool to fix iPhone activation errors. The method provided below will not require jailbreaking the phone and supports devices running on iOS 15.0 to 16.3 (iPhone 6/6 Plus, iPhone 6S/6S Plus, iPhone 7/7 Plus, iPhone 8/8 Plus, iPhone X).
- Step 1: Get the most recent version of Wondershare Dr.Fone installed on your computer, then run the program. Navigate to Toolbox, click Screen Unlock, then select iOS. In the next screen, choose iCloud Activation Lock Removal.
- Step 2: When prompted, choose Start to begin unlocking the Activation Lock on your iOS device.
- Step 3: You will be asked to connect your iOS device to a USB cable while propagating into the corresponding function. The window will show the status as you connect the Apple iPhone 11 device and will immediately bring you to the next screen.
- Step 4: Once on the next screen, double-check all the information related to the iOS device and click the Unlock Now option.
- Step 5: The next step is for a warning prompt to show up on the screen, indicating that the user should be aware of the procedure. Please read the agreement carefully and indicate your agreement by checking the appropriate box. Click the Got It! button to proceed.
- Step 6: Follow the on-screen prompts to enter DFU Mode on your iOS device. Upon initialization of the Apple iPhone 11 device in DFU Mode, the program initiates a restart process by sending a command to the Apple iPhone 11 device. Press the “right arrow” to proceed.
- Step 7: Continue to set the iOS device to DFU Mode for the second time. As a result, the program activates and unlocks the gadget. When it is finished, click the Got It! button to finish.
- Step 8: When the platform does not recognize a device, users must follow the on-screen instructions to enter DFU Mode on their iOS device.
- Step 9: After the Apple iPhone 11 device has been processed in DFU Mode, you will be able to see the iCloud Activation Lock being removed from your computer’s screen. The screen will show a completion message once it’s done. To complete the process of removing the iCloud Activation Lock, click Done.
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) simplifies the complex journey of iPhone activation, providing a reliable and efficient alternative. It’s the key to unlocking your device’s full potential when conventional methods fall short. In the next section, you’ll learn how to check if your Apple iPhone 11 has finally been activated.
Bonus: How Do I Know if My iPhone Is Activated?
Wondering if you have resolved your iPhone’s “can’t be activated” issue? Let’s check the clues and ensure your device is ready for action. Here are simple indicators to confirm your Apple iPhone 11’s activation status:
- Check Cellular or Network Connectivity in Settings
Navigate to your Apple iPhone 11’s Settings menu. Head to “Cellular” or “Mobile Data” and ensure it’s switched on. A lit icon signals active connectivity. If using Wi-Fi, look for the Wi-Fi symbol at the top – a strong connection is a green light for activation success.
- Apple ID and iCloud Integration
Activation relies on accurate Apple ID and iCloud details. Confirm these in Settings under “Apple ID” or “iCloud.” Ensure your email and password match the ones used during setup. A synced Apple ID ensures seamless integration, marking your Apple iPhone 11 as officially activated.
- Absence of Activation Prompts
A surefire sign of a successfully activated iPhone is the absence of activation prompts. Once activated, your Apple iPhone 11 should smoothly transition from the initial setup screen to your home screen without any prompts asking for activation details.
Why Does Activation Matter?
Activation is the key to unlocking your Apple iPhone 11’s full potential. It ensures you can make calls, send messages, and enjoy all your device’s features. You can confirm whether your Apple iPhone 11 is activated and ready for action by checking these simple indicators.
Conclusion
In the maze of iPhone activation, you’ve decoded common errors and provided simple fixes. Especially for the ‘iPhone could not be activated’ issue, you now have the solutions to resolve it. And for a fuss-free fix, consider Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) – your activation hero.
Swift solutions matter, ensuring you experience your Apple iPhone 11’s full potential. Don’t let activation glitches hinder your Apple iPhone 11 experience; unlock its full potential today! Choose Dr.Fone and embrace seamless activation. Because in the Apple iPhone 11 world, a timely resolution is the key to a smooth digital experience.
Tips: Are you searching for a powerful Screen Unlock tool? No worries as Dr.Fone is here to help you. Download it and start a seamless unlock experience!
How To Remove iCloud On Apple iPhone 11 Smoothly
Unlock the full potential of your Apple iPhone 11 by mastering the art of removing iCloud effortlessly! In today’s digital landscape, understanding how to remove iCloud from iPhone is paramount. Whether you’ve forgotten your password, purchased a used device, or are switching Apple IDs, this guide has you covered.
Dive in and see how this article simplifies the process, providing a simple, step-by-step roadmap. Explore the common scenarios that make iCloud removal essential and prepare to manage your Apple iPhone 11 experience seamlessly. Take control of your Apple iPhone 11 effortlessly and explore a world of possibilities with this article’s step-by-step approach.
Part I. What Causes People To Remove iCloud From iPhone?
In the vast Apple ecosystem, iCloud stands as a vital component, connecting your Apple iPhone 11 to a world of seamless data synchronization. However, situations arise where removing iCloud from the iPhone becomes paramount.
What Is iCloud?
At its core, iCloud is Apple’s cloud storage service, fostering the effortless sharing and syncing of data across Apple devices. It’s the magic behind photos, contacts, and notes seamlessly appearing on all your gadgets.
Significance of iCloud
iCloud ensures a harmonious experience, keeping your digital life in sync. From photos to app data, it’s the invisible thread weaving through your Apple devices, making your Apple iPhone 11 an integral part of your digital world.
Reasons To Remove iCloud From iPhone
Understanding these scenarios lays the foundation for your journey into the step-by-step guide on effective iCloud removal without compromising data integrity.
- Forgotten Passwords
Users often find themselves in a bind when forgetting iCloud passwords, necessitating removal.
- Device Handovers
Purchasing a used iPhone or receiving one as a gift may prompt the need to remove the previous owner’s iCloud for a personalized experience.
- Changing Apple IDs
Switching to a new Apple ID might require the removal of the old iCloud association.
- Device Upgrades or Downgrades
Moving to a new iPhone or downgrading to an older model may trigger iCloud removal for a seamless transition.
- Enhanced Security Measures
Some users use iCloud removal as a security measure, particularly when abandoning the Apple ecosystem.
Learning these common reasons allows you to know more about your device before removing iCloud from your Apple iPhone 11. Now, get ready to learn how to erase iCloud from an iPhone. The next section will feature several methods to help you confidently manage your Apple iPhone 11.
Part II. How Do You Remove iCloud From iPhone
Now that you’ve discovered the reasons behind iCloud removal, let’s dive into the practical aspects. In this section, you’ll walk through various methods, ensuring you have the knowledge to make informed decisions. From traditional settings to online tools and advanced desktop solutions, this article has got you covered.
Traditional Method: Remove iCloud From Settings
Follow these simple steps to remove iCloud from your Apple iPhone 11 without any fuss:
- Step 1: Open Settings on your Apple iPhone 11.
- Step 2: Tap your Apple ID at the top of the screen.
- Step 3: Scroll down and select Sign Out. You will then be prompted to enter your Apple ID password to proceed.
- Step 4: You will then be asked, “**Are you sure?**”. If you’ve decided to proceed, tap Sign Out.
This conventional approach ensures a smooth transition while safeguarding your data. However, there are multiple concerns by iPhone users saying that this method failed to work on their devices. In that case, feel free to explore more methods laid out below.
Contact Apple Support
When in doubt, seek help from the experts. Contact Apple Support for personalized guidance on iCloud removal. They’re equipped to handle various scenarios, providing assistance tailored to your specific needs.
- For specific requests, you may start your request online on their Get Support
- You may also visit Apple Support for quick replies, product tutorials, self-help tips, manuals, and technical publications.
- For legal concerns, you may visit their Contact Legal
Remove iCloud From iPhone Online
You can find several iCloud removal online tools on your web browser. However, even though online tools claim to simplify the process, you must tread carefully before you use them. Many are unreliable or even harmful. If you choose this route, research thoroughly, ensuring legitimacy. Watch out for scams, and consider reviews from trusted sources.
Remove iCloud Using a Desktop Tool: Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS)
If you’ve tried the methods mentioned above but still can’t remove iCloud from an iPhone, it’s time to explore a much safer and more efficient method – a reliable desktop tool. A desktop tool allows you to fulfill the process effortlessly. It’s so easy to use that you can get started without any prior professional knowledge.
With just a few clicks, you can remove iCloud from your Apple iPhone 11 even without your password. And in such a scenario, Wondershare Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock is the finest option. Say goodbye to iCloud-related challenges and embrace the simplicity and effectiveness of Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS). Reclaim control over your Apple iPhone 11, enjoying the freedom to confidently manage your iCloud accounts.
Key Features and Advantages
Unlocking the potential of your Apple iPhone 11 has never been easier, thanks to Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS). This powerful desktop tool is designed with simplicity and effectiveness in mind, offering a seamless solution to iCloud removal. Here’s a closer look at the whole toolkit’s key features and benefits:
- **No Apple ID Password Needed.**Even if you’ve forgotten your Apple ID password, Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) provides a hassle-free solution, eliminating the need for complex password retrieval.
- **Security Assurance.**Fone prioritizes the security of your data. The iCloud removal process is designed to safeguard your personal information throughout.
- **Ease of Use.**Designed with user-friendliness in mind, Dr.Fone simplifies the complex task of iCloud removal. No technical expertise is needed. With a few clicks, anyone can navigate through the process effortlessly.
- **High Success Rate.**Boasting a remarkable success rate, Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) is a reliable solution for effectively removing iCloud accounts from iPhones.
- **Versatile Compatibility.**Whether you’re using the latest iPhone or an older version, Dr.Fone caters to a wide range of iOS devices, ensuring accessibility for all users.
- **Quick and Efficient.**Save time and effort with Dr.Fone’s swift iCloud removal process. You can liberate your Apple iPhone 11 from previous iCloud associations within just a few clicks.
- **Risk-Free Operation.**Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) is designed with user safety in mind. The tool minimizes risks associated with iCloud removal, providing a secure and efficient operation.
Step-by-Step Guide Using Dr.Fone – Screen Unlock (iOS)
The guide below will help you remove iCloud from your Apple iPhone 11 easily. Follow these instructions carefully and make your device operational:
- Step 1: Launch Wondershare Dr.Fone on your PC. Then, activate the iOS feature by going to Toolbox > Screen Unlock > iOS. To remove Apple ID, go to the next window and look for the option to Remove AppleID among the choices.
Parental Control Software
![drfone remove apple id](https://images.wondershare.com/drfone/guide/remove-apple-id-1.png)- Step 2: The following screen will display the connection status of the iDevice when it is linked to your PC. Choose the Unlock Now button to proceed.
- Step 3: After this, the platform will inquire about the Apple ID via a series of questions before granting access. Examine your iOS device to see if it has a screen lock feature. Be sure your iDevice has a screen lock enabled before selecting Yes.
- Step 4: The next step is to check if Two-Factor Authentication is enabled on all your iOS devices. If it’s not already on, toggle it on and click Yes to proceed with unlocking the Apple ID.
- Step 5: Once you’ve confirmed these choices, you’ll see a screen with instructions for entering Recovery Mode on your iDevice. If it doesn’t work, select Try DFU Mode in the screen’s bottom-left corner and follow the steps corresponding to your iOS version. To continue with the unlocking process, follow the instructions that will be displayed.
- Step 6: The next screen will show you the Apple iPhone 11 device’s details after entering Recovery Mode. Now that you have the Device Model, all you have to do is choose the System Version and hit the Start button. On the other hand, pick the details by hand and go forward if there are recognition discrepancies.
- Step 7: The download of the corresponding iOS firmware begins, and the progress is shown on the following screen. If the firmware download is taking too long for your platform, you can directly download it by clicking the Copy button to copy the link.
- Step 8: The following screen will show details of the firmware after it has been confirmed by the platform after its download. To proceed with unlocking your Apple ID, click the Unlock Now button.
- Step 9: To proceed, a confirmation window will pop up and ask for a code. To begin, input the code and then click Unlock. You can see how far along the process of unlocking Apple ID is on the screen that follows. Do not allow the gadget to become disconnected in any way.
- Step 10: After the Apple ID is unlocked, the screen will ask you to finish the process. If your Apple ID has been unlocked, you can finish by clicking the Done button. If that isn’t the case, you may use the Try Again button to start over.
Conclusion
iCloud removal doesn’t have to be a daunting task. Mastering how to remove iCloud from an iPhone is about choosing the method that aligns with your needs. From the traditional settings to the safety of Apple Support and the caution required for online tools, the choice is yours. Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) emerges as the optimal solution for those seeking simplicity, effectiveness, and independence.
It’s time to regain control over your Apple iPhone 11, unlocking new possibilities effortlessly. Share this guide with fellow users, and don’t forget to leave feedback. Unlock the potential, share the knowledge, and enjoy a seamless iPhone experience!
- Title: How To Bypass iCloud By Checkra1n Even From Apple iPhone 11 If Youve Tried Everything
- Author: Lydia
- Created at : 2024-07-14 21:17:44
- Updated at : 2024-07-15 21:17:44
- Link: https://activate-lock.techidaily.com/how-to-bypass-icloud-by-checkra1n-even-from-apple-iphone-11-if-youve-tried-everything-by-drfone-ios/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.