In 2024, How to Remove the Activation Lock On your iPad and Apple iPhone 6s without Apple Account
How to Remove the Activation Lock On your iPad and Apple iPhone 6s without Apple Account
Regarding buying an iPhone, not every person gets it from an Apple store. Numerous purchasers have decided to get used iPhones instead of new ones because of their expense budget. However, these phones accompany an iCloud activation lock as often as possible.
Without the Apple ID login and details, an iPhone can’t be reset or utilized by others. Accordingly, it helps the phone’s security and safeguards it from theft. You will require the earlier user’s ID and data, or Apple will do it for you. It can turn out to be a headache for many users.
This article will talk about the solutions for the issues that these activation locks cause. There are several ways of getting around the iPhone’s activation lock. In this article, they will be recorded from top to bottom for the clients. So keep following us to get your Apple iPhone 6s or iPad activation lock bypass code without Apple ID.
Part 1: 4 Methods to Remove Activation Lock without Apple ID
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock
You can bypass the iCloud Activation Lock with Wondershare Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock if you fail to remember your Apple ID. It also works if you have bought an iCloud-locked gadget. Each of the different methods requires you to give some data. However, Dr.Fone unlocks the gadget and tackles the issue all alone. It is an easy and proficient method for unlocking your iOS. Here’s how:
Step 1. Introduce Dr.Fone to the program and choose Screen Unlock.
Step 2. Pick “Bypass Activate Lock.”
Step 3. Click “Start” option to begin the whole process.
Step 4. In this part, unlocking the activation lock will go with 2 consequences because of GSM and CDMA devices.
When you bypass successfully activation lock on GSM devices, you can still use your phone as usual.
But for CDMA devices, when you bypass the activation lock, there will be no chance for phone calls and cellular data use. And other functions are still OK.
Step 5. Don’t forget to jailbreak your Apple iPhone 6s. Without it, you cannot bypass the activation lock.
Step 6. Begin to eliminate and sit tight. The phone will become a normal phone with next to no lock after it eliminates the activation lock.
Step 7. The program will remove the activation lock in a moment or two. Presently your Apple iPhone 6s has no activation lock.
Ask the previous owner to remove it remotely
This approach requires the old user’s Apple account credentials. You should initially sign in to iCloud before utilizing this strategy to unlock the iPhone. You can also ask the old user to carry out this method. Ask the user to follow the steps below, and that’s how to remove activation lock without Apple ID:
- Go to the iCloud site from any gadget or PC. Sign in to iCloud your iCloud account.
- Pick the Find iPhone choice. Note: This is the Find My service; the name of this assistant on iCloud.com has not yet been changed, yet it is accessible on all Apple gadgets.
- To start, open the guide. Find and select the blue dot related to the Apple iPhone 6s you want to sign in to in this guide.
- Select Erase iPhone from the menu.
- At long last, pick “Erase from Account” from the dropdown menu.
Use DNS Bypass
You can likewise utilize DNS services to get around the activation lock. It is a, to some degree, interesting method. This approach is powerful, even though it isn’t dependable. Follow these steps to apply this fix:
- Select your country/district first while setting up your gadget.
- Select “More Wi-Fi settings” from the menu.
- Select the “I” choice on the following screen once more
- Type one of the accompanying IP addresses in the “DNS” field.
North America: 104.154.51.7
Asia: 104.155.220.58
Europe: 104.155.28.90
South America: 35.199.88.219
Other Regions: 78.100.17.60
- To get back to the settings after that, select the “Back” choice in the upper left corner of the screen.
- Select your Wi-Fi network and enter your Wi-Fi code to connect.
- At long last, on the accompanying screen, tap “Back.”
Seek help from Apple support
If none of the mentioned strategies have worked for you, you can attempt to look for proficient help to resolve your concern. The Apple store authorities can settle every one of the issues and their solutions regarding iPhone lock.
However, before heading out to the Apple shop, ensure you have these data:
- You should bring your authentic verification of purchase with you.
- Make a meeting with the Apple shop staff before going. Make sure you have your copy of the confirmation files with you.
Part 2: FAQs
1. What is an activation lock?
Activation Lock assists you with keeping your phone secure, regardless of whether it’s in some wrong hands, and you can still recover it. Even if you erase your data from somewhere else, Activation Lock can keep on preventing anybody from reactivating your phone without your consent.
2. Is it legal to bypass the activation lock?
There are no unlawful ways of bypassing the Activation lock by the same token. Reset your Apple iPhone 6s, drain the battery, switch on the iPhone, and press the Power button until the Apple symbol appears. Configure your location and install iTunes.
3. How do I remove the activation lock with Apple ID and password?
- On your Apple gadget, explore “Settings.”
- At the highest point of Settings, tap the Apple ID.
- Go to iCloud in the settings menu.
- Select the “Find my iPhone” choice from the menu.
- By tapping the button once, you can switch it off.
- Your Apple iPhone 6s will incite you for your password. You should enter your iCloud credentials to continue.
- In the textbox, type the password, and you are ready.
Conclusion
Activation locks can help users secure their phones from unwanted people. However, it can be frustrating if you don’t have the password to your phone’s Apple ID. Therefore, the methods in this article will help you with iPad activation lock bypass code without Apple ID. On top of that, Wondershare Dr.Fone can remove the lock for you in just a few minutes.
Effective Ways To Fix Checkra1n Error 31 On Apple iPhone 6s
Apple distinguishes itself as a leading smartphone manufacturer by implementing rigorous security protocols. These measures pose challenges for users seeking to jailbreak their iOS devices. Such actions grant users the capability to remove the restrictions enforced by Apple on their devices.
Serving as the primary tool for this purpose, Checkra1n emerges as a popular choice. Nevertheless, similar to any other tool, Checkra1n may face a range of issues, among which Checkra1n Error 31 is notably notorious. This guide aims to help you address Checkra1n Error 31. Moreover, it will introduce a powerful alternative to Checkra1n jailbreak iOS devices.
Part 1. Figuring Out All Possible Reasons for Checkra1n Error 31
Understanding the reasons behind Checkra1n Windows Error 31 is essential in resolving this issue. The reason can relate to the software and hardware aspects of running Checkra1n. Here are some of the reasons why you are encountering Checkra1n error 31:
- Temporary Computer Issues: As Checkra1n is a computer-based tool, issues within your computer can cause the error code 31. These issues can be insufficient resources, compatibility issues, or temporary glitches.
- Mismatched Checkra1n Version: When jailbreaking an iOS device, you must use the right version of the tool. Using incompatible versions of Checkra1n can lead to issues such as error code 31.
- Issues with USB Connection: A major cause behind Checkra1n error 31is the unstable or faulty USB connections. If your device is not properly connected, it will lead to the failure of the jailbreak process.
- **Device Compatibility Issues:**Apple has introduced many measures to ensure that newer devices are hard to jailbreak. That’s why if you use the latest iOS device, there is a high chance it is incompatible with Checkra1n.
- **Security Software Interference:**In rare cases, the security or antivirus software installed on your system can interfere with the working of Checkra1n. Similarly, the Windows firewall can sometimes flag Checkra1n as a virus, disturbing the jailbreaking process.
Part 2: [Top Fixes] Resolve Checkra1n Error 31 to Jailbreak iOS Device
Encountering errors like Checkra1n jailbreak Error 31 is a typical occurrence in the jailbreaking process. Fortunately, there’s no cause for concern, as there are various solutions readily accessible to diagnose and address this particular error. Discussed below are the top 6 fixes to streamline your iOS jailbreaking process:
Fix 1. Wondershare Dr.Fone – Screen Unlock (iOS) Providing a Direct Jailbreaking Solution
While Checkra1n is widely employed for jailbreaking iOS devices, it has notable limitations. This is especially the case concerning compatibility with the latest iOS versions. Therefore, we recommend considering a dependable alternative like Wondershare Dr.Fone. It offers iOS users a user-friendly approach to conducting jailbreaks on their devices.
Working as a dependable companion for iPhone users, Dr.Fone simplifies the jailbreaking process. It especially benefits users grappling with iOS security locks, particularly iCloud activation locks. Notably, Dr.Fone stands out for its compatibility with the latest iOS 17 and iPhone 15 models.
Prominent Features of Wondershare Dr.Fone
- You can bypass all sorts of iOS screen locks, from passcodes to Face IDs.
- Besides unlocking iCloud Activation Lock, it is also an expert in removing SIM locks from the carriers.
- If you have forgotten your iTunes backup encryption password, Dr.Fone can remove it without causing data loss.
Steps To Bypass iCloud Activation Lock via Wondershare Dr.Fone
By combining Dr.Fone with the jailbreaking process, users can effectively bypass the iCloud Activation Lock. Detailed instructions are provided below to bypass the iCloud Activation Lock bypass using Dr.Fone:
- Step 1. Commence the Procedure by Activating Dr.Fone
Start by downloading and opening the latest edition of Wondershare Dr.Fone. After completing this step, go to the “Toolbox” section within Dr.Fone and click “Screen Unlock.” Choose “iOS” as your device type, and head to select the “iCloud Activation Lock Removal” option. Now, begin the procedure by selecting “Start” and ensure your device remains connected to the computer throughout this stage.
- Step 2. Jailbreak Your iOS Device
Now, proceed to check if your device is CDMA or GSM. A GSM device will remain the same after iCloud Activation Lock removal. On the other hand, a CDMA device will lose all cellular functionalities. After that, you need to tap “Unlock Now” and agree with the warning by tapping “Got it!” Afterward, you will need to jailbreak your device, for which follow these below-given steps:
- On a computer with Windows 7 or higher, download checkn1x-amd64.iso and rufus.exe. Connect a USB with at least 2 GB storage to the computer. Next, open the Rufus file and choose “checkn1x-amd64.iso” by clicking “Select.”
- Now, click “Start,” and on the pop-up window, choose “Write in DD Image Mode.” Then, click “OK” and wait for the process of writing image data to complete. Once completed, tap “Close” and restart your computer with the USB plug-in.
- Press the F12 or relative boot key to access the Boot Menu when the computer restarts. Within the “Boot Menu,” choose the USB and connect your iOS device to the computer. Now, use the arrow keys to move to the “Options” button and press Enter.
- You must now move to the “Allow untested iOS/iPadOS/tvOS versions” option and hit “Enter.” Follow it by moving to the “Skip All BPR Check” option and pressing “Enter” again. Afterward, move to the “Back” option and use “Enter” to return to the main screen.
- Once back on the main screen, select “Start” to initiate jailbreaking. For CheckN1x to jailbreak your device, you need to put the Apple iPhone 6s device into DFU Mode. Now, tap “Next” to put your device into Recovery Mode.
- Once your device is in Recovery Mode, tap “Start” and follow the on-screen guidelines to put it into DFU Mode. When your device enters DFU Mode, Checkn1x will automatically jailbreak it. Finally, select “Finish” and remove the USB to complete the process.
- Step 3. Complete the iOS Activation Lock Bypass Process
Removing the Activation Lock will start as soon as your device is jailbroken. You can follow the progress on the screen, and once it is complete, tap “Done” to conclude the process.
Fix 2. Try Restarting iOS or Computer Device
Sometimes, temporary glitches or bugs within your iOS device or computer can cause the Checkra1n Error 31. The most effective and simple solution in this case is to restart your devices. This simple process removes all temporary glitches and resets all processes. Here is how you can restart your iOS device and computer:
1. Windows PC
Instructions. Click the “Start” button on your Windows PC from the bottom left corner. Here, tap the “Power” icon and select “Restart.”
2. MacBook
Instructions. When using a Mac, click the “Apple” logo from the top left corner. Press “Restart” from the drop-down menu to reboot your Mac.
3. iPhone/iPad
Instructions. Press the “Side” and any “Volume” buttons to access the Power Slider screen. Now, move the slider to the right to turn off your device. After waiting some time, press the “Side” button to turn on your iOS device.
Fix 3. Download New Checkra1n Version
Crucial for a successful jailbreak is carefully selecting the appropriate Checkra1n version. Compatibility varies across devices, making it essential to choose the version that suits your device. Error 31 issues are likely linked to the specific Checkra1n version in use. In such instances, the recommended solution is to experiment with alternative versions.
Fix 4. Install iOS Firmware From iTunes and Retry Jailbreaking
When encountering Checkra1n jailbreak, error 31 may be attributed to the iOS version on your device. In such cases, the optimal resolution involves reinstalling the iOS version through iTunes. Follow the steps below to personally choose the IPSW file and employ iTunes for the installation on your iOS device:
- Step 1. Access the ipsw.me website using a web browser and download the compatible IPSW file for your iOS device. Before installing, ensure that the “Find My” service is disabled.
- Step 2. Connect the iOS device to the computer and wait for iTunes/Finder to detect it once all requirements are satisfied. For instance, if you have a Mac with the operating system before macOS Catalina, access the “Summary” tab by clicking the Apple iPhone 6s device icon within iTunes. While holding the “Shift” key on Windows or the “Option” key on Mac, click “Restore iPhone.”
- Step 3. You will be asked to select the IPSW file. Choose the file you downloaded and follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process. Once complete, re-try the jailbreaking and see if error 31 is resolved.
Fix 5. Consider Using Other Options in Checkra1n
If the reason behind Checkra1n error 31 is the Apple iPhone 6s device incompatibility, Checkra1n provides an inbuilt way. When jailbreaking a device, Checkra1n allows you to select the “Untested versions” option. While employing this option, you can jailbreak the Apple iPhone 6s device with iOS versions still not tested for jailbreaking. Here is how you can select these options in an attempt to jailbreak your device:
Instructions. To get a clean start, reboot your computer and iOS device and launch the Checkra1n app. Now, click the “Options” and select the “Untested Versions” and “Safe Mode” options. Then, try jailbreaking your device and see if error 31 is resolved.
Fix 6. Try a Special Method While Using Checkra1n
At times, the solutions you are looking for can be found among the experiences of fellow users. We found a Reddit post in our search to find solutions to Checkra1n Error 31. In this post, a Reddit user explained a hack he had found to solve error 31 when jailbreaking using Checkra1n.
Remember that this hack includes a specific Checkra1n version and experience that specific user. While you can emulate the experience, the results aren’t guaranteed. Here is what that user tried for successful jailbreaking using Checkra1n:
- Step 1. Download and install the Checkra1n version 0.10.2 beta on your computer. Now, connect your Apple iPhone 6s to DFU Mode to the system. Initiate the jailbreaking process until the “Right before Trigger” option appears.
- Step 2. The user suggests you unplug the cable and re-plug it after waiting for 5 to 7 seconds. According to the user, this action should do the trick. To get out of DFU Mode, press and hold both buttons (Home + Lock) for 10 seconds and go on to release the home button.
Bonus. Jailbreak iOS Using Mac: A Simple Guide To Refer To
Looking for a tool to jailbreak an iOS device on a Mac? Wondershare Dr.Fone has you covered there, as it also provides a comprehensive guide to jailbreaking an iOS device from Mac. You will need to download the Checkra1n tool and a USB cable to connect your Apple iPhone 6s. Once you have both, use the following steps to jailbreak your device from Mac:
- Step 1. Begin by downloading the .dmg file of Checkra1n and installing it within your Mac’s applications. Now, link your iOS device to the Mac and go to Applications, click “Checkra1n,” and access “Contents.”
- Step 2. Tap “macOS” and go to “Checkra1n_gui Terminal file” to detect the Apple iPhone 6s device. Now, move ahead by tapping “Start,” you will be led to the screen with instructions for putting the Apple iPhone 6s device into DFU Mode.
- Step 3. Tap “Next,” put your device into DFU Mode, and press “Start.” Once the Apple iPhone 6s device is in DFU Mode, the jailbreaking process will commence. When it is complete, and your device is jailbroken, tap “Done” to conclude the process.
Conclusion
In wrapping up this guide, those seeking to customize their iOS devices can turn to jailbreak. Checkra1n stands out as a favored option for this procedure, but dealing with Checkra1n Error 31 can be an irritating ordeal. The optimal solution is opting for an alternative, such as Wondershare Dr.Fone. This tool offers comprehensive textual and video guides, aiding users in successful jailbreaks.
Tips: Are you searching for a powerful Activation bypass tool? No worries as Dr.Fone is here to help you. Download it and start a seamless unlock experience!
Ultimate Guide on Apple iPhone 6s iCloud Activation Lock Bypass
The Apple iPhone 6s’s iCloud unlock is an absolute need for each client of a locked smartphone who needs to give a second life to their iDevice. You could have bought a pre-owned iPhone from another person or failed to remember your Apple ID credentials. Circumstances can be unique, yet the process is something very similar.
You want to bypass Apple iPhone 6s Activation Lock as quickly as possible. Furthermore, there are numerous ways for Apple iPhone 6s iCloud bypass! Typically, a user enters the credentials of the iCloud account to which the Apple iPhone 6s is connected and becomes unlocked immediately.
However, this fast strategy is good just for the first owner. If you don’t know about the iCloud account connected to your account, keep following this guide to bypass Apple iPhone 6s.
Part 1:3 Useful Ways to bypass Apple iPhone 6s iCloud activation lock
1. Remove activation lock with the previous device owner
The first thing you can attempt to bypass Apple iPhone 6s is to contact the person you bought this device from. Ask the seller about other Apple ID details so you can enter them on the activation lock screen.
Likewise, you can ask the seller (the previous owner) to enter the details all by himself. This way, you won’t get embarrassed by asking them about such crucial details regarding their account.
This method applies if the owner lives nearby and you can meet face to face. In particular, they must still remember their Apple account password. It is a very straightforward approach to bypassing Apple iPhone 6s since it doesn’t require any technical knowledge. Moreover, you don’t need to run the extra mile by paying for unlocking service since you can attempt this method for free.
So, if you are into this method, follow the given steps:
Step 1. Enter the Apple ID details on the activation lock screen when it shows up.
Step 2. After removing the activation lock, unpair any Apple accessory connected to your Apple iPhone 6s.
Step 3. Log out of iTunes, App Store, and iCloud.
Step 4. At last, erase all content and settings of your device from the Settings application. Explore the General tab and click Reset > Erase All Content and Settings.
2. Use iCloud DNS Bypass
iCloud DNS Bypass is to bypass an iCloud activation lock by manipulating the DNS server. In particular, it means redirecting the activation process of your Apple iPhone 6s from Apple servers to some other servers for confirmation.
Why Use iCloud DNS Bypass?
When you purchase a second-hand Apple iPhone 6s, you might find that the phone has an activated lock. Before you can set up your Apple iPhone 6s, the phone will request the Apple server to activate it. The method for getting around this lock is entering the correct Apple ID.
iCloud DNS bypass proves beneficial when you want to bypass Apple iPhone 6s but know nothing about the past owner. It’s likewise effective if you can’t recall your iCloud credentials.
Pros of iCloud DNS Bypass:
- You can physically change the DNS address in WIFI settings.
- If it works, you can use various features and applications on your Apple iPhone 6s/7.
Steps to Bypass Activation Lock via DNS:
The steps in DNS Bypass iCloud Activation are basic; here is how to bypass Apple iPhone 6s:
Step 1. When you switch on your Apple iPhone 6s, pick your preferred language and region from the menu.
Step 2. Click “Continue” to enter the WiFi settings page. Whenever requested to connect, search for the “I” symbol near the WiFi tab.
Step 3. Presently, disconnect the WiFi, go to “Connection Settings,” and snap “Forget this Network.”
Step 4. Click the “I” and enter a DNS server IP address to bypass the iCloud activation lock. You can browse yours according to your area:
USA: 104.154.51.7
- South America: 35.199.88.219
- Europe: 104.155.28.90
- Asia: 104.155.220.58
- Australia and Oceania: 35.189.47.23
- Different Regions: 78.100.17.60
Step 5. Presently, click the “Back” choice on the left half of your screen. Turn on WiFi, select your WiFi from the rundown, and enter your password.
Step 6. Click “Next Page” and snap “Back” to enter the iCloud bypass screen.
Step 7. Set up your apps and use your Apple iPhone 6s/7 as you like.
3. Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS)
The easiest way is to use an expert activation lock bypass tool to stop the issue. This method doesn’t require you to be technical or learn new concepts. You only need to search for the best available tool in the market and download it. You can do the rest of the job by just following the guidelines given by the software company.
Therefore, we recommend you use Dr.Fone Scree Unlock to bypass Apple iPhone 6s. Dr.Fone is a professional tool with multiple iOS options. It can unlock the screen lock, Google FRP lock, and activation lock in a matter of minutes.
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS)
Bypass Apple iPhone 6s iCloud Activation Lock Without Hassle!
- Simple, click-through, process.
- Unlock screen passwords from all iPhones and iPads or bypass the activation lock.
- No tech knowledge is required, everybody can handle it.
- Support most iPhone/iPad/iPod Touch and most iOS versions fully!
4,395,217 people have downloaded it
Many software require jailbreak before bypassing the IOS activation lock, but Wondershare Dr.Fone Screen Unlock (IOS) stands out for the solution without jailbreak. If your device is between iOS 12.0 to 16.3, follow the steps provided below. To bypass the activation lock, follow a few easy steps and adhere to the guidelines. Moreover, you don’t need to worry about device security while using this program. It is the best tool available for all Apple iPhone 6s/7 users who wish to remove the iCloud lock without delay. The steps below will guide you on how you can use this tool for Apple iPhone 6s iCloud bypass:
Step 1: Launch Wondershare Dr.Fone and go to Toolbox>Screen Unlock>IOS.
Step 2: Connect your device to the computer and select “iCloud Activation Lock Removal”.
Step 3: Click Unlock Now button on the pop-up window.
Step 4: You will see a prompt show up. Read the details carefully and checkmark “I have read and agree the agreement”. Tapping “Got it!” button.
Step 5: Put iDevice in DFU Mode for the first time: the program will send a command to the Apple iPhone 6s device and it will restart.
Step 6: Then you need to put the Apple iPhone 6s device in DFU mode for the second time. When it’s done, the program will activate the Apple iPhone 6s device.
Step 7: If your device is not detected by the platform, follow the on-screen instructions to put their iOS device in DFU Mode.
Step 8: Once the Apple iPhone 6s device has been processed under the DFU Mode, the computer’s screen will start displaying the removal of the iCloud Activation Lock. When it’s done, click Done in the next window.
Your iPhone will start like a default phone without any activation lock. You can access and utilize the Apple iPhone 6s now. Possibly, remember that you can’t utilize your new Apple ID’s phone call, cellular, and iCloud feature after that process.
Part 2: FAQs
1. What is Find My?
The Find My feature is an incredible method for keeping your Apple iPhone 6s from getting lost, as it permits you to find and lock it, regardless of whether you have it. For instance, when Find My iPhone is initiated, you can see where your Apple iPhone 6s is. You might use it to show your location to others or play a sound on your lost device, making it easier to find.
To utilize this feature, you need to initiate this feature on your device and utilize a PC or another phone to find, reset or lock your lost iPhone. If you’re selling your Apple iPhone 6s or gifting it to someone else, you should first switch off the Find My feature. It becomes very awkward for the next user if the past owner’s Find My iPhone feature is still activated.
2. How to turn off Find My?
If you want to reset your Apple iPhone 6s to erase every one of the data and return it to its default condition, Apple expects you to switch off Find My in advance. Also, experts at the Apple store frequently expect you to switch it off before they can repair it.
Switching it off will not erase any of your data, so you don’t have to stress over that. It’ll simply make it difficult to track down your Apple iPhone 6s on a map when lost.
The best way to switch off the Find My feature is very direct. The following steps will tell you how to make it happen:
- Open the Settings of your Apple iPhone 6s and tap your name or profile.
- Explore the “Find My” option and go for “Find My iPhone.”
- If the Find My iPhone feature is initiated, the toggle button on top of the page should be green. Switch the “Find My iPhone” toggle key to turn it off.
- Enter your Apple ID details.
- Affirm your activity, and that’s all you need to turn this feature off.
3. Can I bypass iOS Devices like iPad or iPods?
Yes, you can bypass the activation lock on iPhones like iPad and iPods. However, the method is a bit different regarding Apple Watches.
The Bottom Line
We hope you are now in a position to bypass Apple iPhone 6s activation lock. This guide mentions the best methods you can employ to bypass this issue, but we all know each method has its pros and cons. Even if no other method works in your case, Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (iOS) will still help you. This tool is built to provide safe iOS unlocking solutions for our readers.
- Title: In 2024, How to Remove the Activation Lock On your iPad and Apple iPhone 6s without Apple Account
- Author: Lydia
- Created at : 2024-07-14 20:10:20
- Updated at : 2024-07-15 20:10:20
- Link: https://activate-lock.techidaily.com/in-2024-how-to-remove-the-activation-lock-on-your-ipad-and-apple-iphone-6s-without-apple-account-by-drfone-ios/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.